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Egeskov Castle | |
---|---|
General information | |
Type | Water castle |
Country | Denmark |
Completed | 1554 |
Egeskov Castle (Danish: Egeskov Slot) is located near Kværndrup, in the south of the island of Funen, Denmark. The castle is Europe's best preserved Renaissancewater castle.
History[edit]
Egeskov was first mentioned in 1405.[1] The castle structure was erected by Frands Brockenhuus in 1554.[2][3]
Due to the troubles caused by the civil war known as the Count's Feud (Danish: Grevens fejde), general civil unrest, and a civil war introducing the Protestant Reformation, most Danish noblemen built their homes as fortifications. The castle is constructed on oakenpiles and located in a small lake with a maximum depth of 5 metres (16 ft). Originally, the only access was by means of a drawbridge. According to legend, it took an entire forest of oak trees to build the foundation, hence the name Egeskov (oak forest).
The estate has belonged to the Bille-Brahe family since 1784, when they acquired it from descendants of the Brockenhuus family. In 1882 it was inherited by the counts Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille, who still own it.
Castle architecture[edit]
Outside, the castle is a Late Gothic building. Inside the original elements already show Renaissance design.
The castle consists of two long buildings connected by a thick double wall, allowing defenders to abandon one house and continue fighting from the other.[4] The double wall is over one meter thick and contains secret staircases and a well. Defenders were able to attack an enemy's flanks from the two round corner towers. Other medieval defences include artillery ports, scalding holes and arrow slits. The bricks composing the castle are of an oversized medieval type sometimes called 'monks bricks'. The conical towers are constructed in a series of separate panels.
The architecture includes depressed and round-arched windows, round-arched blank arcading within the gables, and a double string course between the high cellar and the ground floor. The structure contains some of the early indoor plumbing design first used in Europe with vertical shafts for waste.[5] The thick double wall also contains a water well which is accessed from the servants kitchen in the east house. Several of the large rooms have massive parallel exposed beams with some end carving.[6]
Castle contents[edit]
Contents of the castle include a massive iron chest from at least as early as the 16th century, which derived from Hvedholm Castle, a property earlier owned by the Egeskov estate about twenty kilometers to the west.
Numerous oil paintings are found within the castle including a large painting in the great hall on the first floor of Niels Juel, who defeated the Swedish force in the Battle of Køge Bay in the year 1677.
Gardens and lands[edit]
Other buildings belonging to Egeskov include Ladegården, a thatchedhalf-timbered building which is now part of the museum. Other buildings are used by the museum and for farming. Surrounding the castle is an old park, covering 20 hectares (49 acres) of land. The park is divided into a number of gardens. The renaissance garden features fountains, a gravel path and topiary figures. The fuchsia garden, one of the largest in Europe, contains 104 different species. Other gardens near the castle include an English garden, a water garden, an herb garden, a vegetable garden, and a peasant's garden (bondehave). The gardens also feature four hedge mazes. The oldest is a beech maze several hundreds of years old. This garden is trimmed every year to prevent the trees from dying. The newest maze is the world's largest bamboo maze. It features a Chinese tower in the centre, and a bridge from the tower provides the exit from the maze. The parks feature a three-meter-tall sundial designed by Danish poet and mathematician, Piet Hein.[7]
The estate includes an additional eight square kilometres; 2.5 square kilometres (0.97 sq mi) is forest, with the rest being farmland. In 1986, a full-sized replica of the castle was built in Hokkaidō, Japan, to hold an aquarium. This was constructed with the permission of the Egeskov's owners at the time, Count Claus and Countess Louisa Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille.
Museums[edit]
Egeskov is home to the following museums.
- A vintage automobile collection
- A vintage motorcycle collection
- A collection describing the history of agriculture
- A collection of flying vehicles
- A collection of Falck and other emergency vehicles
Most of the castle is open to the public, except for the areas used by CountMichael and Countess Caroline Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille. The museum of agriculture and the horse wagon collection is located in the building Ladegård mentioned previously.
Three large modern buildings are occupied by the vintage automobile collection, the vintage motorcycle collection, the Falck collection, and by a collection of airplanes and helicopters. The Falck collection is a collection of vehicles from the Danish rescue company, Falck, emergency vehicles such as fire trucks, ambulances, rescue boats, and other assorted emergency vehicles.
List of owners[edit]
From | To | Owner |
---|---|---|
c. 1405 | Lydike and Jørgen Skinkel | |
c. 1470 | Johan Sinkel | |
1516 | Otto and Poul Skinkel | |
1518 | 1533 | Laurids Skinkel |
1533 | 1536 | Hilleborg Pedersdatter Bille and her daughters Anne, Hilleborg and Rigborg |
1536 | 1545 | Anne, Hilleborg and Rigborg |
1545 | 1569 | Frands Brockenhuus |
1569 | 1604 | Laurids Brockenhuus |
1604 | 1615 | Laurids Brockenhuus's heirs |
1615 | 1615 | Hans Pogwish |
1616 | 1630 | Jacob Ulfeldt |
1630 | 1640 | The children of Jacob Ulfeldt |
1640 | 1648 | Laurids Ulfeldt |
1648 | 1656 | Oluf Parsberg |
1656 | 1666 | Otto Krag |
1666 | 1688 | Anna Rosenkrantz |
1688 | 1713 | Niels Krag the Elder |
1713 | 1722 | The widow of Niels Krag |
1722 | 1740 | Niels Krag the Younger |
1740 | 1784 | Sofie Juel |
1784 | 1789 | Henrik Bille-Brahe |
1789 | 1810 | Car. Agnese Raben |
1810 | 1857 | Preben Bille-Brahe |
1857 | 1871 | Fr. Siegfried Bille-Brahe |
1871 | 1882 | Frantz Preben Bille-Brahe |
1882 | 1912 | Jul. Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille |
1912 | 1919 | C. Jessy Bille-Brahe |
1919 | 1946 | Fr. Pr. Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille |
1946 | 1985 | Gregers and Nonni Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille |
1985 | 1994 | Claus and Louisa Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille |
1994 — | Michael Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille |
Gallery[edit]
Exterior view
Exterior view
Exterior view
Exterior view
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^'Egeskov'. Den Store Danske (in Danish). Retrieved 18 June 2014.
- ^'Egeskovs historie' (in Danish). Egeskov. Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
- ^'Funen.' Encyclopædia Britannica. 2006. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. 30 July 2006
- ^Verner Rasmussen, Egeskov, prepared for the Egeskov Estate, 2003 reprinting
- ^C.M. Hogan, Design of Egeskov Castle, Lumina Technologies, Santa Rosa. July 22, 2005
- ^'Castle'. Egeskov. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
- ^'All Gardens'. Egeskov. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
Literature[edit]
- Lassen, Erik; Espen-Hansen, Inge (1982) [1963]. Egeskov: The History of the Estate : the Architecture of the Building : Egeskov Park and Gardens. Egeskov.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Egeskov Castle. |
Coordinates: 55°10′35″N10°29′22″E / 55.17639°N 10.48944°E
I am very fortunate that Egeskov Castle was my “local” castle growing up. It is located on the island of Funen (Fyn) in the small town Kværndrup about a 30 min drive from Odense. After having lived in the US for longer than I lived in Denmark saying that gives me a sense of awe. The history surrounding you is simply amazing. The castle is a must visit each time we return and I have had the pleasure of sharing the experience with my family and a few friends.
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Egeskov is unique in that it is the oldest moat castle in all of Europe. It was built in 1554 by Frands Brockenhuus a local Fief-holder. The name Egeskov (oak forest) came from the story that it took an entire forest to build the foundation for the castle. Building impenetrable homes were becoming more and more popular for those in power in feudal Denmark as the Reformation reached the area in the 1520s. It caused significant political unrest and a lot of planning went into how best to protect the castle and inhabitants.
- The castle is situated in the middle of a lake.
- Throughout the castle you will find holes and machicolations from where you can pour boiling water or tar on your attackers.
- The towers provide visibility into the surrounding area and allow you to shoot at the enemy from the side.
- The drawbridge is the only entry into the castle.
- The castle is built with 2 separate areas divided by very thick double walls so that if the enemy enters you can close of the 2nd area and defend the castle. The double wall also serves as a way to store water should you be under siege.
Walking through the castle you will see several rooms which have been restored to the original condition filled to the brim with history. Take your time as you walk through and take in the art, furniture and the castle architecture.One of my favorites is the Yellow Room. It was gorgeously restored and filled with Louis XVI-furniture which was given as a wedding gift in 1875. (picture courtesy of Egeskov slot)
Underneath the spire, you will find an old wooden doll. The legend states that if you move the doll from its resting place on a pillow the castle will sink into the lake on Christmas night. Because of this the owners of the castle always spend Christmas at the castle and even leave out traditional Danish rice porridge in the tower attic on Christmas.
Once you have seen the inside of the castle you have several options. We always do the maze and let one of our kids be the guide. Walking you feel confident you can totally do it in record time but it is harder than expected. The prize at the end is a view over the park from the tower. The original maze was planted in 1731 as entertainment for the castle guests and still standing today, however, much later a newer and larger maze was planted which is the one you can visit today.
Then depending on the weather and the season we try to talk through the gardens. The gardens have been there since the beginning of the 1700s and some you can still see some of them today. In 2013 the gardens were named one of the 12 most spectacular gardens in the world by CNN Traveler and in 2016 they were named one of the most beautiful places in Europe by Conde Nast Traveler They truly are amazing and span I love Fuschias, the scent is uplifting and calming at the same time. Egeskov has about 800 different varieties and if you visit at just the right time you may never want to leave. Because they are so hard to grow in the Danish climate they are in the process of moving them indoors. Until then each year they are dug up prior to frost and replanted once you can be certain the temperature stays above freezing even overnight.
Our last spot to visit is a more recent addition and mostly driven by my husband as I would much rather stay among the flowers. We visit the vintage car exhibit with about 115 cars, campers, and motorcycles from the end of 1800 until the early 1980s. If you like cars this is a must see as it showcases cars you wouldn’t generally see in the US.
If we still have more energy after all of this the kids get a chance to walk amongst the trees on a narrow hanging bridge listening to the birds and experiencing nature from above. If they are not up for the daredevil trip between trees we sometimes visit the playground where we can sit and they can play until they are too tired to stand. Always the sign of a good vacation day. Egeskov Castle is a fantastic place which only gets better as I now share it with my kids. There are so many things to see, learn and do, that we can easily spend a full day exploring.
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We hope to see you at the Castle next time we visit.
Enjoy.